Linuxmichi: Solaris - Dienste starten, anhalten, ...

Solaris - Dienste starten, anhalten, neustarten, anzeigen

Solaris
10 und OpenSolaris bieten ja (nicht mehr) das klassische init-System um
Dienste zu starten sondern ein eigenes neues Service-Management.

Um Dienste nun zu starten, stoppen, neuzustarten oder neue Konfigurationen einzulesen, dient hierzu der Befehl svcadm.

Damit ist es relativ einfach die Dienste zu kontrollieren. Hier ein kleines Listing für die Dienste:

Dienst starten:

# svcadm enable

Dienst anhalten:

# svcadm disable

Dienst neustarten:

# svcadm restart

Dienst neuladen (Konfiguration laden):

# svcadm refresh

Um laufende Dienste anzuzeigen, dient svcs. Dabei werden alle laufenden Dienste ausgegeben.

Möchte man hingegen nur kontrollieren, ob ein Dienst läuft benutzt man grep in einer Pipe.

# svcs | grep ssh

Service Management Facility (SMF)

http://opensolaris.org/os/community/smf

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Informative Commands

svcs -a            # State of all the services on the system
svcs -l <FMRI>     # Detailed info about a service instance
svcs -d <FMRI>     # Show the dependencies for a given service instance
svcs -D <FMRI>     # Show the dependents for a given service instance
svcs -p <FMRI>     # Show the process ID for a given service instance
svcs -x [FMRI]     # Explain why a service instance has failed
svcs -v [FMRI]     # Show verbose information for a given service instance

inetadm -l <FMRI>  # Show detailed information about an inetd service

* FMRI: Fault Management Resource Identifier

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Administrative Commands

svcadm enable <FMRI>          # Attempts to enable the service
svcadm disable [-t] <FMRI>    # Disable a given service (temporarily until the next reboot when -t specified)
svcadm restart <FMRI>         # Restart a given service
svcadm refresh <FMRI>         # Re-read the config info
svcadm mark <state> <FMRI>    # Manually put a service in maintenance or degraded state
svcadm clear <FMRI>           # To clear the maintenance or degraded state
                              # after rectifying the fault
svcadm milestone <mstone>|all # Enable/disable the services for the milestone

inetadm -e <FMRI>             # Attempt to enable a given inetd-based service
inetadm -d <FMRI>             # Disable a given inetd-based service

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Configuration Commands

svccfg   # To manipulate the data in the repository
svcprop  # To display info about a service
inetadm  # To display/modify inet related services

The svccfg sub-commands are:

svccfg select <FMRI>
       list
       listprop
       setprop <property> = <value>
       delete <FMRI>
       validate <manifest.xml>
       import <manifest.xml>
       unselect
       listsnap
       selectsnap
       revert [<snapshot>]

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Files

Logs: /var/svc/log and /etc/svc/volatile
Manifests: /var/svc/manifest/
Methods: /lib/svc/method/

To see the log file location :

svcs -l <FMRI> | grep logfile

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Zones

http://opensolaris.org/os/community/zones

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Commands

zoneadm
zonecfg
zonename

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Creating a zone

# zonecfg -z myzone1
myzone1: No such zone configured
Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone.
zonecfg:myzone1> create
zonecfg:myzone1> add fs
zonecfg:myzone1:fs> set dir=/mnt/local
zonecfg:myzone1:fs> set special=/opt/sfw
zonecfg:myzone1:fs> set type=lofs
zonecfg:myzone1:fs> set options=[ro,nodevices]
zonecfg:myzone1:fs> end
zonecfg:myzone1> add rctl
zonecfg:myzone1:rctl> set name=zone.cpu-shares
zonecfg:myzone1:rctl> add value (priv=privileged, limit=1,action=none)
zonecfg:myzone1:rctl> end
zonecfg:myzone1> add attr
zonecfg:myzone1:attr> set name=comment
zonecfg:myzone1:attr> set type=string
zonecfg:myzone1:attr> set value="firstzone"
zonecfg:myzone1:attr> end
zonecfg:myzone1> set autoboot=true
zonecfg:myzone1> set zonepath=/export/home/zone/myzone1
zonecfg:myzone1> add net
zonecfg:myzone1:net> set address=10.6.49.141
zonecfg:myzone1:net> set physical=hme0
zonecfg:myzone1:net> end
zonecfg:myzone1> verify
zonecfg:myzone1> commit
zonecfg:myzone1> exit

Now let us install and boot the zone:

# zoneadm -z myzone1 install
# zoneadm -z myzone1 boot

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DTrace

http://opensolaris.org/os/community/dtrace/

DTrace Probe: provider:module:function:name

Eg: proc:genunix:exec-common:exec

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DTrace One-liners

Files opened by process:

# dtrace -n 'syscall::open*:entry { printf("%s %s",execname,copyinstr(arg0)); }' 
dtrace: description 'syscall::open*:entry ' matched 2 probes
CPU  ID  FUNCTION:NAME
  0     15   open:entry ls /var/ld/ld.config
  0     15   open:entry ls /lib/libc.so.1

New processes with arguments:

# dtrace -n 'proc:::exec-success { trace(curpsinfo->pr_psargs); }' 
dtrace: description 'proc:::exec-success ' matched 1 probe
CPU ID     FUNCTION:NAME
  0    3995  exec_common:exec-success /usr/bin/sh clear
  0   3995   exec_common:exec-success   /usr/bin/tput clear

Write size distribution by process:

# dtrace -n 'sysinfo:::writech { @dist[execname] = quantize(arg0); }' 
<... wait for a few seconds ...>
^C
 
  in.telnetd
           value  ------------- Distribution ------------- count
               1 |                                         0
               2 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@                        8
               4 |@@                                       1
               8 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@                            6
              16 |                                         0
              32 |                                         0
              64 |                                         0
             128 |                                         0
             256 |@@@@@@@@                                 4
             512 |                                         0
  
  svc.configd
           value  ------------- Distribution ------------- count
               2 |                                         0
               4 |@@@@@                                    12
               8 |@@                                       4
              16 |                                         0
              32 |                                         0
              64 |                                         0
             128 |                                         0
             256 |                                         0
             512 |                                         0
            1024 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@        72
            2048 |                                         0

Disk size by process:

# dtrace -n 'io:::start { printf("%d %s %d", pid,execname,args[0]->b_bcount); }' 
CPU     ID  FUNCTION:NAME
 0   3940     bdev_strategy:start 21108 find 1024
 0   3940     bdev_strategy:start 21108 find 8192
 0   3940     bdev_strategy:start 5752 screen-4.0.2 8192

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References

Numerous scripts in /usr/demo/dtrace directory
DTrace ToolKit: http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/dtrace/dtracetoolkit/

[edit]

ZFS

http://opensolaris.org/os/community/zfs/

To create your first pool:

# zpool create tank c1t2d0

You now have a single-disk storage pool named tank, with a single filesystem mounted at /tank.

If you want a mirrored storage for mail and home dirs:

# zpool create tank mirror c1t2d0 c2t2d0
# zfs create tank/mail
# zfs set mountpoint=/var/mail tank/mail

Create home dirs and mount them all in /export/home/<username>:

# zfs create tank/home
# zfs set mountpoint=/export/home tank/home
# zfs create tank/home/ahrens
# zfs create tank/home/bonwick

You can also create a RAID-Z pool:

# zfs create tank raidz c0t0d0 c0t0d1

Or a stripe:

# zfs create tank c0t0d0 c0t0d1

Filesystems in ZFS are hierarchical; each one inherits properties
from above. In this example, the mountpoint property is inherited as a
pathname prefix. That is, tank/home/ahrens is automatically mounted at /export/home/ahrens.

ZFS provides built-in compression:

# zfs set compression=on tank/home

To give ahrensa 10G quota:

# zfs set quota=10g tank/home/ahrens

To give bonwick a 100G reservation:

# zfs set reservation=100g tank/home/bonwick

To automatically NFS-export all home directories:

# zfs set sharenfs=rw tank/home

To scrub all disks & verify the integrity:

# zpool scrub tank

To replace a flaky disk:

# zpool replace tank c2t2d0 c4t1d0

To add more space:

# zpool add tank mirror c5t1d0 c6t1d0

To move your pool from SPARC machine sparky to AMD machine amdy:

On sparky:

# zpool export tank

Physically move your disks from sparky to amdy.

Then, on amdy:

# zpool import tank

Everything will just work -- ZFS has adaptive endianness to cope with different byte order on different platforms.

To remove a disk from a stripe or RAID-Z: ack! you can't do this
yet. It's listed as something to be implemented at some point. In the
mean time, you can replace disks with other disks.

You can remove one half of a mirror though, as long there are other copies:

# zpool detach tank c5t1d0

Mittwoch, 10. Dezember 2008

Solaris - Dienste starten, anhalten, ...

Service Management Facility (SMF)

Informative Commands

Administrative Commands

Configuration Commands

Files

Zones

Commands

Creating a zone

DTrace

DTrace One-liners

References

ZFS